Kajian PBL Terhadap Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Hoaks Era VUCA Evaluasi Pendidikan Section Articles
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Abstract
Abstrak
Dunia di abad 21 menghadapi era VUCA yang merupakan singkatan dari Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, dan Ambiguity. Salah satu contoh dari ambiguity dan uncertainty ada dalam bidang teknologi informasi, khususnya media sosial yang banyak dimanfaatkan orang tidak bertanggung jawab untuk menyebarkan berita bohong (hoaks) yang kerap kali diteruskan tanpa mengecek terlebih dahulu kebenaranya. Pelajar sebagai pengguna sosial media juga bisa menjadi korban bahkan pelaku penyebaran hoaks. Salah satu cara untuk menghadapi hoaks adalah dengan berpikir kritis. Berpikir kritis dapat dilatih di sekolah dengan menerapkan model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBL). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan PBL terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMP dan SMA dari sudut pandang mata pelajaran IPA sebagai upaya pencegahan hoaks di era VUCA. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Systematic Literature Review (SLR) untuk mengkaji dan menafsirkan jurnal yang relevan dengan tujuan penelitian dan didapatkan 10 jurnal utama dan beberapa jurnal pendukung. Hasil analisis dan sintesis literatur didapatkan 7 Jurnal penelitian yang menyatakan PBL lebih efektif meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan hasil N-gain kategori sedang (0,3-0,7). Serta 3 jurnal lain menyatakan bahwa terdapat peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan model PBL dilihat dari perbedaan rata-rata total skor kelompok PBL dan skor kelompok non PBL. Keterampilan berpikir kritis yang dimiliki siswa membuat mereka mampu menganalisis dan membedakan fakta dan hoaks dari sebuah informasi. Hal ini sangat membantu mereka dalam menghadapi ambiguity dan uncertainty dalam bidang teknologi informasi, khususnya media sosial di era VUCA.
Kata Kunci: PBL, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, Hoaks, VUCA.
Abstract
21st century is facing the VUCA era which stands for Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity. One example of ambiguity and uncertainty exists in the information technology, especially social media, which is widely used by people who are not responsible for sharing hoakses which are often forwarded without checking the truth. Students as social media users can also become victims and even the spreader of hoax. One way to deal with hoakses is to think critically. Critical thinking can improve in schools by applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model studying. This study aims to examine the application of PBL to the critical thinking skills of junior and senior high school students from the point of view of science subjects as hoaks prevention in the VUCA era. The method used in this study is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to review and interpret articles that are relevant to the research objectives. Obtained 10 main journals and several supporting journals that were reviewed. The results of the analysis and synthesis of the literature found that 7 research journals which used PBL was more effective in improving critical thinking skills with moderate N-gain results (0.3-0.7). As well as 3 other journals result that there was an increase in thinking skills with the PBL model with proof from the total score of the PBL group and the score of the non-PBL group. Students critical thinking skills are able to made them analyze and differentiate facts and hoakses from an information.This is very helpful for them in dealing with uncertainty and uncertainty in the field of information technology, especially social media in the VUCA era.
Keywords: PBL, Critical Thinking Skills, Hoaks, VUCA
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